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America 250
Editor’s Note: This series is brought to you by the Nebraska Press Association in celebration of the United States’ 250th birthday.
For “empire building” countries the name of the game in the 1700s and early 1800s was exploration and colonization. France had become one of the most active at both. Napoleon was waltzing through his continent collecting European thrones like they were modern day baseball cards.
History tells us, in his 20 years of leading French troops, he had fought in 60 major battles, losing only eight. He was considered a tactical genius.
Napoleon’s goal of supremacy was going well, but expensive. His efforts to gain more and more territory were a classic example of, “biting off more than he could chew.”
President Thomas Jefferson knew the most important city in the expansion of the United States to own/control was New Orleans. France had acquired the city back from the Spanish but needed cash. The “Little Corporal” was willing to listen to proposals from U.S. emissaries James Monroe and James Livingston about the city.
Napoleon, the land conqueror, had only one fear ... the British Navy. Outgunned and outmanned on the sea, he knew another all-out war with Britain was imminent.
The United States needed and wanted to remain neutral in the upcoming war but was closer to France because of Britain’s continued “poaching” of British born American sailors at sea.
Instead of selling just the port city of New Orleans to the emissaries, Napoleon was willing to give up his dream for a western satellite country by offering France’s entire 828,000 square mile holdings in North America, the Louisiana Territory.
Monroe and Livingston jumped at the opportunity with Jefferson’s support, funding for the $15 million purchase was to be worked out. This land mass would nearly double the size of the United States.
With details eventually completed and the purchase finalized ... now what? It’s time to see what Jefferson bought.
The Spanish and French had been traversing the area mostly along the rivers since the 1500s, trapping, hunting, building small forts and trading with local Native Americans. Now it was the United States’ turn to study the territory, properly mapping and finding the best way to commercially exploit the vast area ... that would become their immense task.
President Thomas Jefferson picked Captain Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition with this message: ”Your mission is to explore the Missouri River and such principal stream of it by its course and communicate with the waters of the Pacific Ocean, whether the Columbia, Oregon, Colorado or any other river may offer the most direct and practical water communication across this continent for the purpose of commerce.” Don’t you love the way educated people wrote and spoke back then?
Lewis invited William Clark to join the expedition and share the command. Each providing specific knowledge and expertise to the venture.
Dubbed the Corps of Discovery, the expedition recruited 44 unmarried, rugged men of needed diverse backgrounds, along with a Newfoundland dog named Seaman.
It’s thought Lewis named the dog. Everyone knows the best way to find a name for a dog is to stand on your front stoop and shout a potential name as loud as you can three times, if the police don’t come and your neighbors don’t complain you have a fine name, but … Seaman, Seaman, Seaman! Why not Butch, Rover or better yet, Louisiana ... but I digress.
On May 14, 1804, the Corps headed up the Missouri River and into history. With a keel boat and two smaller pirogue vessels, the expedition would average five to 20 miles per day, against the current. What made this adventure different from previous excursions was the detailed maps and journals kept, along with new species of plants/animals discovered, then recorded.
